Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second cause of cancer deaths in women. There are mainly two types: ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma. We reviewed the literature on the omics data at the single exosome level (41 projects·13 articles).
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We have developed dedicated disease pages that categorized by disease type, providing detailed information on specific biomarkers and research projects associated with each disease and system. Our curation process involved extracting sample information and keywords from publications, which encompassed sample sources, experimental procedures, subgroup clustering, and properties of obtained EVs such as size, distribution density, and localization markers.
Additionally, we explored and compiled disease biomarkers from each article. For each marker, SVAtlas offers users gene ontology annotations based on molecular function, biological processes, and associated diseases, alongside relevant signaling pathways. Overall, this page offers curated information on samples, biomarkers, and molecular pathways, thereby facilitating research into disease mechanisms.
Human disease
Reproductive System
Cervical cancer is a disease where cancer develops in the tissues of the cervix. There are two main types of cervical cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. We conducted a literature scanning on cervical cancer at the single exosome level prior to May 2025 (8 projects, 6 articles).
Most prostate cancers are prostate adenocarcinomas, known for their high heterogeneity, with 26% of examined tumors defying molecular subtype categorization. Our review of the literature on prostate cancer at the single exosome level before May 2025 encompassed 8 projects and 4 articles.
Nervous System
Glioblastoma (GBM) is known as a prevalent primary malignant brain tumor in adults. All glioblastomas are grade IV brain tumors, meaning that they contain the most abnormal-looking cells and are the most aggressive. We have comprehensively collated the existing literature at the single exosome level and presented it on our page, including 15 projects and 5 articles.
Respiratory System
Lung cancer accounts for more deaths than any other cancer in both men and women, representing about 28% of all cancer deaths. The two main categories are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Our compilation of lung cancer's single exosome analysis spans 12 projects from 10 articles.
Laryngeal carcinoma is the second most common malignant tumor in the upper respiratory tract after lung cancer. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the most typical histological type. We reviewed the literature on this topic at the single exosome level prior to May 2025 (1 project, 1 article).
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to a high inflammatory burden that can cause serious respiratory illness. We conducted a literature review focusing on single exosome studies on COVID-19 published before May 2025 (2 project, 1 article).
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Its pathogenesis is mainly related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, genetic, and environmental factors. Our review of single exosome analysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma before May 2025 encompasses 1 project and 1 article.
Digestive System
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of global cancer-related deaths and is classified as a type of intractable, therapy-resistant cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common form. We conducted a literature review at the single exosome level, covering 9 projects from 6 articles.
Colon and rectal adenocarcinomas are the third most commonly diagnosed cancers in both men and women. Our page displays the final information results that we carefully compiled from 9 articles concerning colorectal cancer single exosome analysis before May 2025, generating 19 projects.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), called the most prevalent primary liver cancer, ranks as the third most common cause of deaths related to cancer globally. In its initial stages, it frequently exhibits no symptoms. We explored the literature on this disease at the individual exosome level, covering a total of 9 projects from 5 articles.
Esophageal cancer presents primarily as two histopathologic types: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). SCC originates from the flat cells lining the esophagus, while AC arises from glandular cells that produce mucus and other fluids. We conducted a literature review on this topic at the single exosome level before May 2025 (2 projects across 2 articles).
Tumors originating from bile duct branches within the liver are classified as intrahepatic bile duct cancer (10%), whereas those forming outside the liver are termed extrahepatic bile duct cancer (90%). We checked published materials about cholangiocarcinoma at the individual exosomes level (4 projects in 1 article).
Gastric cardia cancer originates in the uppermost part of the stomach, just below where it connects to the esophagus. While non-cardia gastric cancer refers to cancer that begins in all other parts of the stomach (4 project, 2 article).
Receptor
Melanoma typically presents as one of three main types: Cutaneous melanoma, Mucosal melanoma, and Ocular melanoma. After compiling relevant research on individual exosomes associated with this disease, we ultimately identify 6 projects from 3 articles.
Hemopoietic System
Lymphoma refers to a malignant tumor originating from the lymphatic system, which can occur in various parts of the body with diverse clinical presentations. The two main types are Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (which constitutes approximately 90% of lymphomas) and Hodgkin lymphoma. We conducted a literature review on it at the single exosome level, covering insights from 3 projects across 2 articles.
Leukemia is a type of hematological tumor characterized by the accumulation and proliferation of immature cells in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation, leading to impaired hematopoiesis. We checked the literature on this disease at the single extracellular vesicle level before May 2025, generating 4 projects across 3 papers.
Mental illness
Neurological disorders are medically defined as conditions that affect the brain, the nerves throughout the human body, and the spinal cord. Plasma EVs' contents offer non-invasive biomarkers for detecting neurological disorders since EVs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enter the circulation, reflecting their cells of origin. Literature based on this foundation is included in our database (1 project, 1 article).
Alzheimer's disease (AD), commonly known as senile dementia, is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that occurs in the elderly and pre-elderly period. Our collection encompasses 5 projects and 1 article related to AD's single exosome analysis.
Endocrine System
Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that originates from chromaffin tissue and secretes catecholamines. 80%-90% of pheochromocytomas are located within the adrenal medulla. We have compiled the relevant literature at the single extracellular vesicle level before May 2025 (8 projects, 7 articles).
Connective Tissue
Fibrosarcomas are defined as malignant neoplasms composed of fibroblasts that may exhibit varying levels of collagen production and a characteristic 'herringbone' architecture. Single extracellular vesicle studies on this topic are limited to 1 project from 1 article.